SEMA3C and lung carcinoma: Previous studies have shown that TGF-β1 secretion levels are comparable in HCC cells and CAFs,56 and that Sema3C can be induced by TGF-β1 in lung cancer.57 We also confirmed that CAFs-derived TGF-β1 promotes Sema3C expression in HCC cells, a process attenuated by TGF-β1 neutralizing antibodies and TGFBR inhibitors.