The CM from OE-Sema3C-HCC cells or rhSema3C significantly increased the mRNA levels of ACTA2, COL1A1, ELN, and TGF-B1 (Supplementary Fig. 5e, f), as well as the protein expression of α-SMA and collagen I in LX-2 cells (Fig. 5e, f). Here, ACTA1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.