EPCAM and neoplasm: IHC analysis of proliferative marker Ki67, Collagen I, and EPCAM in the excised livers from the four treatment groups revealed a marked decrease in the rAAV8-shSema3C/sorafenib combination group, suggesting knocked down of Sema3C did effectively impair proliferative capacity, stromal deposition, and stemness niche of the tumor (Fig. 8h).