TNF and Tics: In this study, we examined the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with tics and healthy controls and determined the correlation between cytokine levels and clinical features to determine their contributions in children and adolescents with tic disorders.