ESM1 and cervical cancer: However, we do think some limitations exist in this research, further studies are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of AE and firmly establish the validity of these conclusions, which including: collaborating with clinical partners to access a larger cohort of patient samples to reinforce our findings; conducting long-term treatment studies to observe the prolonged effects and potential resistance mechanisms of cervical cancer; further investigations into the molecular mechanisms by which AE modulates ESM1 and its downstream signaling pathways.