CYP19A1 and metabolic syndrome: Sex hormones play an important role in regulating fat distribution, weight, and triglycerides and fatty acid homeostasis such that they can influence metabolic syndrome development or regression.10,11,12,13,14,15,16 Conditions that cause females to experience reduced estradiol levels, such as menopause or ovariectomy, or increased testosterone levels, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, may promote metabolic syndrome development.12,14,17 In males, testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone by 5α-reductase and dihydrotestosterone is converted to estradiol by aromatase.