To test this hypothesis, we aimed to (i) investigate the association of sex with glucose- and insulin-related traits and incidence of T2D; (ii) to investigate the associations of sex with SHBG and SHBG with glucose- and insulin-related traits and incidence of T2D; and (iii) to assess the potential mediating role of SHBG and its extent in the association of sex with incidence of T2D in a population-based setting of middle-aged and elderly adults. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.