IFNG and glioblastoma: However, a successful vaccine will induce the production of IFNγ, and this cytokine is able to actively upregulate expression of PD-L1 on the surface of many cells, including the GBM cell lines we tested (Supplementary Fig. 2), making the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway an attractive adjunct for SCIB1 ImmunoBody® immunotherapy.