Guidance from the ADA recommends initiating insulin therapy for the treatment of persistent hyperglycaemia ≥10.0 mmol/l [18], with a treatment target glucose level of 7.8–10.0 mmol/l for most critically ill and non-critically ill inpatients, but more stringent targets (6.1–7.8 mmol/l or 5.6–10.0 mmol/l) if they can be achieved without a significant hypoglycaemia burden. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Hyperglycemia.