MAVS and viral infectious disease: Targeting signaling factors within major innate immune response pathways, such as the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) by both 2Apro and 3Cpro proteases and the Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 (TRIF), 14-3-3epsilon, and retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 by CVB3 3Cpro, attenuates the host types I and II interferon (IFN) responses, thereby evading the host antiviral responses and allowing virus infection (23, –, 25).