IRF1 and neoplasm: Intriguingly, we found that PD‐L1 antibody monotherapy could induce phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3, thereby up‐regulating the expression of IRF1 and PD‐L1 in tumor tissues (Figure 6J), which may also be one of the reasons why many patients are insensitive or resistant to PD‐L1 antibody monotherapy.