According to a local study, among 99 subjects with T1DM 16 (16.2%) and 53 (53.5%) were positive for IA2 and GAD-65 respectively, while 10 (10.1%) tested positive for both autoantibodies.7 However, there are other antibodies like insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and islet cell antibody (ICA) which have not been looked for in Pakistani children. Here, GAD2 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.