MLKL and escherichia coli infection: TNF-α induced RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL necrosome, toll-like receptor (TLR) 3/4 mediated TRIF-RIPK3-MLKL necrosome, and ZBP1-RIPK3-MLKL necrosome play a significant role in infectious diseases, such as herpesvirus (HSV), vaccinia virus (VACV), influenza A virus (IAV), and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection (Xia et al., 2020).