Although patients with lipodystrophy syndromes may develop CKD in the absence of diabetes, consensus from the group was to treat many of them in a way similar to patients with CKD caused by diabetes (unless CKD is caused by a specific form of kidney disease such as C3-positive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis) according to international/local guidelines (despite lack of evidence in patients with lipodystrophy syndromes) (73, 74). Here, C3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.