Additionally, Miao et al. demonstrated that upregulated expression of miR-503 in DCM was associated with the protective effects of Phase II Enzyme Inducer CPDT via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/anti-oxidant response elements (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway, a key anti-oxidant signaling pathway [64, 65]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.