The variability in study results regarding PD-L1's prognostic role could be attributed to multiple factors, such as differences in subtypes (i.e., squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] and adenocarcinoma [AC])15, heterogeneity in clinical studies on NSCLC (where clinicopathological factors may vary), the use of diverse scoring methods, and different cutoff levels (details of which are discussed in the next paragraph)16. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.