CTLA4 and neoplasm: Furthermore, to increase translational significance, we applied a clinically relevant immunomodulatory hypofractionation regimen to the primary tumor and the respective DLNs (8 Gy ×3)35 and a combined checkpoint blockade approach (α-CTLA-4 + α-PD-1), which is commonly used in advanced malignant melanoma36 (Fig. 6D).