There was a stepwise increase in the level of pre-pregnancy BMI, diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, RBC count and Hb concentration throughout pregnancy (all P < 0.05), first-trimester WBC count, neutrophil count and UA (all P < 0.01) and second-trimester WBC count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count (all P < 0.05), as well as FBG, 1-h BG, 2-h BG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR (all P < 0.01) and incidence of GDM (13.4%, 19.1%, and 32.1%; P < 0.001) across the three groups (Table 1). Here, GSTM1 is linked to gestational diabetes.