Similarly, in the RA synovial tissue, we observed that HSP60 IF staining selectively accumulated around and within lymphocyte aggregates, supporting the role of autoantigens released by FLSs during cellular stress responses in fueling the local autoimmune response in the RA ELS+ synovium and contributing to the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies within the RA joints. This evidence concerns the gene HSPD1 and rheumatoid arthritis.