Our results demonstrate that HpTg co-infection leads to a decrease in all IFN©−producing lymphocytes (CD8+ and CD4+ T as well as NK, NKT, ©δ T cells) in the MLN as a proportion (Fig 3) and in absolute numbers (S9 Fig), which helps explain the subsequent increase in Tg burden in this organ. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is coinfection.