PPARG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: PPARγ has been defined as a predominant contributor to the anti-inflammatory profile of microglia, and its activation inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in 3-nitropropionic acid-activated microglia and shifts macrophage polarization from the M1-like phenotype to the M2-like phenotype in obesity-induced inflammation in liver and adipose tissues (Mansour et al. 2022).