Escape mutations detected at baseline (up to 1 month after infection) in the presence of restricting HLA genotypes were present in 3% of participants within Gag, 19% within Pol and 23% (Figure 5A–C) within Nef targeted epitopes when treatment was initiated later compared to and 0%, 13% and 11% respectively (Figure 5G–I) with early treatment. Here, S100B is linked to infection.