Application of this approach to WIHS-P2’s unaltered and corrected trees yielded estimated root dates that were consistent with the clinically-estimated infection date (Table 1) and comparable to the root date inferred from the benchmark (env-intact only) tree (Supplementary Table 1; the likely reason that the unaltered tree produced reasonable root dates and evolutionary rate estimates is because these metrics are computed from pre-ART plasma HIV RNA sequences only). This evidence concerns the gene ERVW-1 and infection.