Increased peripheral neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios predict shorter GBM patient survival67 and intratumoral neutrophils promote GBM malignancy in part through S100A4-mediated activation of glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) proliferation, invasion, and resistance to anti-VEGF therapy68, 69, 42. The gene discussed is S100A4; the disease is glioblastoma.