HIV infection induces astrogliosis. Significant differences between groups were noted for GFAP levels in all CNS regions analyzed [frontal cortex, F(4, 150) = 44.28, p < 0.001; hippocampus, F(4, 125) = 26.16, p < 0.001; striatum, F(4, 150) = 14.45, p < 0.001; cerebellum, F(4, 148) = 11.63, p < 0.001; spinal cord, F(4, 150) = 14.37, p < 0.001; Fig. 5]. Here, GFAP is linked to HIV infectious disease.