AIF1 and HIV infectious disease: HIV infection results in microglia activation. While no significant differences in the number of Iba-1+ microglia were observed between naive control mice and HIV-infected mice in the frontal cortex, striatum, or spinal cord, the number of Iba-1+ microglia were significantly higher in HIV-1CH040 infected mice in the hippocampus and cerebellum (Fig. 6, Supplementary Figure S2 and S3).