This frequency is higher compared to studies of LCINS in Asia, Europe, North America, and Latin America (Figure 2; Supplementary Table S5).6 We observed an association between TP53 mutations and higher African ancestry, similar to our recent study on ever- and never-smoker patients with lung adenocarcinoma.12 Notably, the most frequent TP53 mutation was the Brazilian germline variant p.(Arg337His), often concurrent with EGFR mutations. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung adenocarcinoma.