TP53 and lung adenocarcinoma: This frequency is higher compared to studies of LCINS in Asia, Europe, North America, and Latin America (Figure 2; Supplementary Table S5).6 We observed an association between TP53 mutations and higher African ancestry, similar to our recent study on ever- and never-smoker patients with lung adenocarcinoma.12 Notably, the most frequent TP53 mutation was the Brazilian germline variant p.(Arg337His), often concurrent with EGFR mutations.