TF and anemia (phenotype): Although only a few studies exist on transferrin saturation and prognosis in patients with non-dialysis CKD, reports of transferrin saturation of < 10% being associated with a poor prognosis in patients with early-stage CKD without anemia have shown no anemia-related therapeutic intervention; in a large observational study of transferrin saturation < 15% being associated with shorter life expectancy and major adverse cardiovascular events, the proportion of anemia requiring therapeutic intervention was low, 13% with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and 21% with iron supplements.