Similarly, a previous report showed that vesicular protein could detect early pancreatic cancer (Melo et al., 2015), and ISG15 expression was increased in hepatic cancer, suggesting that it may serve as a potential prognostic marker in tumour biomarker for drug sensitivity (Chen et al., 2016; Desai et al., 2008; Kariri et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and neoplasm.