IL10 and colitis: These colons also showed increased expression of IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-13 with coinciding lack of canonical pro-inflammatory cytokines.43 The immunomodulatory ability of these various parasitic EVs in a colitis model provides hope for the use of these EVs in the clinic to rewire the host immune system and restore the balance of cytokines and signaling in the gut.