CD274 and cancer: Research has shown that the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, as well as targeted immunotherapies like program death (PD-1) and program death ligand (PD-L1) antibodies, have revolutionized the approach to treating numerous solid tumors by enhancing the immune response to eliminate cancer cells effectively.11 ICIs have already shown efficacy and safety in clinical trials for several cancers.