Furthermore, a large group of genes associated with familial and sporadic PD are strongly linked to macroautophagy, CMA and downstream lysosomal function, such as mutations in SNCA, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2–PARK8), vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PARKIN), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkinsonism associated deglycase (PARK7) (Nalls et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.