Numerous studies have demonstrated that α-synuclein positive Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra of the PD brain showed immunoreactivity for LC3 confirming the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of PD (Mamais et al., 2018; Minakaki et al., 2018; Tu et al., 2021; Oh et al., 2022). Here, SNCA is linked to Parkinson disease.