Moreover, one of the underlying mechanisms for the effect of canagliflozin against LRTI (e.g., pneumonia) is that: canagliflozin ameliorates NLRP3 (i.e., NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome-mediated inflammation through inhibiting NF-κB signaling and upregulating Bif-1 (i.e., Bax-interacting factor 1) (Niu et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.