In addition, TGFβ1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) have also been noted to be biomarkers of FD associated cardiomyopathy, which is the chronic stage of the disease as evidenced by left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and arrhythmias (48). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is left ventricular hypertrophy.