During the pre-index period, patients with uncontrolled diabetes were more likely than those with controlled diabetes to have been prescribed biguanides (75.1% vs. 71.1%, p < 0.001), DPP-4s (21.5% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.001), sulfonylureas (36.5% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001), and insulin (56.2% vs. 36.2%, p < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.