In our prospective type 1 diabetes cohort, serum CN1 at baseline was associated with age, systemic redox status and NT-proBNP, while patients with a moderate CN1 concentration at baseline seemed to be protected from incident albuminuria as compared to the other CN1 tertiles (14.5 – 19.4%) during the 16 years of follow-up. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and type 1 diabetes mellitus.