In that study, the authors revealed that among 494 genes found to be overexpressed in the blood of adult individuals administered a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV), genes involved in type I IFN signaling, such as STAT1, IF135, IRF7 IFIT1, MX1 and IRF9, were markedly overexpressed less than 24 h post-vaccination [19]. Here, IRF9 is linked to influenza.