Following cellular stress such as infection, BH3-only proteins (Bim, Bik, Bad, Bid, Bmf, Noxa, Hrk, and Puma) are activated and inhibit the multi-motif pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, A1, and Bcl-B), which function as inhibitors of the pro-apoptotic members (Bax, Bak, and Bok) (Figure 1) [21,22]. Here, BCL2L1 is linked to infection.