PDCD1 and renal carcinoma: With the development of a series of anti-human programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (pembrolizumab/attuzumab) and other immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the overall survival (OS) of some patients with stage III/IV renal cancer has greatly improved [6,7], ushering in a new era of modern oncology.