TNF and steatosis: The C-HFD group also displayed increased gene expression of inflammatory markers including Tumor necrosis factor alpha (<i>Tnfa</i>), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (<i>Ccl2</i>), and Interleukin-12 (<i>Il12</i>), as well as a tendency for liver fibrosis.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings suggest that the sucrose-free C-HFD feeding in mice induces gut dysbiosis which associates with liver inflammation, steatosis, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.