MYD88 and diabetes mellitus: MyD88-negative non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice have an over-representation of bacteria of the Bacteroidetes phylum, and this microbiota somehow actively suppresses the development of diabetes [4], presumably through the production of an immunomodulatory product; germ-free (GF) MyD88-negative NOD mice develop robust diabetes, which proves that gut microbiota has the potential to attenuate T1D [4].