The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is also altered, with a decreased expression of TLR3 and increased expression of TLR5 in normal ileal pouch, and an upregulation of TLR2 expression in pouchitis and upregulation of TLR4 in both normal pouch and pouchitis [15,16,17]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and pouchitis.