TNF and ulcer disease: Reduced ethanol-induced gastric injuries and reversed elevated serum NO levels, implicating antioxidant properties for ulcer healing. Increased serum PGE2 levels, further aiding in ulcer healing. Lowered inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, while suppressing NLRP3 and NF-κB signalling pathways, indicating comprehensive anti-inflammatory mechanisms