SOCS3 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: These findings support the hypothesis that microglia/macrophages-induced non-cell-autonomous toxicity on neurons is involved in the progressive ALS pathology [35,53,54] and call for further preclinical investigations to determine if SOCS3 plays a role in the pathogenesis of ALS, especially in the relation to the motor neuronal death via the non-cell-autonomous pathway.