Moreover, disturbances in PAX function are linked to cancerous growth in humans, such as rhabdomyosarcoma (involving PAX3 and PAX7), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (involving PAX5), follicular thyroid carcinoma (involving PAX8), and RCC (involving PAX2 and PAX8) further implicating the functional significance of PAX genes (Table 1) [28,29,30]. The gene discussed is PAX8; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.