TNF and Wilson disease: In addition, Th 1 cells (TNF-α and TNF-β), Th 3 (TGF-β1), and Th 17 (IL-23) levels were significantly higher in hepatic and neurological patients (p < 0.05), whereby the higher Th1 cells (IL-2, TNF-α, and TNF-β), Th2 cells (IL-13), and Th17 (TGF-β1, IL-23) and the course of Wilson disease were associated with the severity of the neurological symptoms for Wilson disease patients [154].