The observation that several hemochromatosis patients had elevated levels of IL8 is difficult to explain but may be due to the fact that the C282Y HFE protein induces the transcription factor NF-κB, which consequently resulted in a marked increase in the protein production of IL8 along with an increased transcriptional activation of IL8 in C282Y HFE-expressing cells [245,258]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is hemochromatosis type 1.