TNF and neurodegenerative disease: Mechanical stimulation through shear stress significantly enhanced barrier tightness, as reflected by a threefold increase in TEER values, while exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, resulted in a tenfold decrease in TEER, demonstrating the model’s capability to biochemically modulate barrier function and mimic inflammatory conditions relevant to neurodegenerative diseases [146].