CCL2 and neoplasm: In our previous study on the effect of chemotherapy on CCL2 staining in ICs, we found that, in the subgroup with the most aggressive tumors (N1 + 2 and tumor stage 3+ 4), patients with CCL2-positive ICs showed a better response to chemotherapy treatment in terms of OS, DSS, and RFS than MIBC patients indicated with negative IC CCL2 staining [35].