VDR and neoplasm: Furthermore, analysis of 703 primary melanoma transcriptomes and 365 samples of metastatic melanoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that VDR expression was independently protective for melanoma-related death in both primary and metastatic disease, and high tumor VDR expression was associated with upregulation of pathways mediating antitumor immunity and corresponding with higher imputed immune cell scores and histologically detected tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [54].