TNF and infection: Similarly, Il-18 and Tnf-α showed significant upregulation after 3, 6, and 12 h of infection (p < 0.05, Figure 7C), and Il-1β showed significant upregulation after 3 h (MOI = 1:10 and 1:1) and 6 h (MOI = 1:1) of infection (p < 0.05, Figure 7C).