Notably, the identified core targets (e.g., TP53, TNF, STAT3, RELA, JUN, IL6, CREB1, BCL2, and AKT1) and enriched pathways (e.g., TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway) align with previous studies linking sleep disturbances to increased systemic inflammation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines WGCNA analysis further supports the potential role of the sleep cocktail in modulating the immune system, as key modules associated with insomnia were enriched for similar pathways identified in this study. Here, JUN is linked to insomnia.