IFNA1 and neoplasm: Further gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the upregulation in several cytokine-associated signalings including NF-κB, IL6-JAK-STAT3, IL2-STAT5, and IFN-α pathways, as well as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a crucial machinery for tumor-cell dissemination (Fig. 3C).