IFIH1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In T1DM susceptible individuals, both normal or activated antiviral responses could trigger apoptosis of infected pancreatic β cells, which express an elevated quantity of IFIH1 RNA, and lead to type 1 interferon signalling, improving HLA class I expression on β-cells, thus enhancing cytotoxic CD-8 T cell-mediated destruction [36].